Electric bicycle laws Wikipedia. Many countries have enacted electric bicycle laws to regulate the use of electric bicycles. Countries such as the United States and Canada have federal regulations governing the safety requirements and standards of manufacture. Bc Drivers License Learners Restrictions On Carry On ElectronicsGmail is email thats intuitive, efficient, and useful. GB of storage, less spam, and mobile access. China Zhnggu, officially known as the Peoples Republic of China Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu is a huge country in Eastern. Other countries like the signatories of the European Union have agreed to wider ranging legislation covering use and safety of their term EPAC electric pedal assisted cycles. However, confusion remains regarding the various laws involving electric bicycles. This stems from the fact that while some countries have national regulations, the legality of road use is left to states and provinces, and then complicated further by municipal laws and restrictions. Furthermore, there is a range of classifications and terms describing them  power assisted bicycle Canada or power assisted cycle United Kingdom or electric pedal assisted cycles European Union or simply electric bicycles  and as such in some cases have varying laws according to their respective classifications in some places. AustraliaeditIn Australia the e bike is defined by the Australian Vehicle Standards as a bicycle that has an auxiliary motor with a maximum power output not exceeding 2. W without consideration for speed limits or pedal sensors. Each state is responsible for deciding how to treat such a vehicle and currently all states agree that such a vehicle does not require licensing or registration. Various groups are lobbying for an increase in this low limit to encourage more widespread use of e bikes to assist in mobility, health benefits and to reduce congestion, pollution and road danger. Some states have their own rules such as no riding under electric power on bike paths and through built up areas so riders should view the state laws regarding their use. Bc Drivers License Learners Restrictions On Carry On LuggageThere is no licence and no registration required for e bike usage. Since 3. 0 May 2. Australia has an additional new e bike category using the European Union model of a pedelec as per the CE EN1. This means the e bike can have a motor of 2. W of continuous rated power which can only be activated by pedalling if above 6 kmh and must cut out over 2. The state of Victoria is the first to amend their local road rules, see below. Road vehicles in Australia must comply with all applicable Australian Design Rules ADRs2 before they can be supplied to the market for use in transport Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1. Cwth. 3The ADRs contain the following definitions for bicycles and mopeds 4. Two Wheeled and Three Wheeled Vehicles. PEDAL CYCLE AAA vehicle designed to be propelled through a mechanism solely by human power. POWER ASSISTED PEDAL CYCLE ABA pedal cycle to which is attached one or more auxiliary propulsion motors having a combined maximum power output not exceeding 2. MOPED 2 Wheels LAA 2 wheeled motor vehicle, not being a power assisted pedal cycle, with an engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 5. Maximum Motor Cycle Speed not exceeding 5. Maximum Motor Cycle Speed not exceeding 5. Vehicle Standard Australian Design Rule  Definitions and Vehicle Categories 2. Compilation 3 1. 9 September 2. Comprehensive and meticulously documented facts about education. Learn about K12 education, higher education, Common Core, school choice, digital learning, and more. In Canada, drivers licences are issued by the government of the province or territory in which the driver is residing. Thus, specific regulations relating to driver. Get the latest international news and world events from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and more. See world news photos and videos at ABCNews. Papua New Guinea appears to have been settled by 14,000 bc, with migrations first of hunters and later of agriculturists probably coming from the Asian mainland by. There are no ADRs applicable to AA or AB category vehicles. There are ADRs for lighting, braking, noise, controls and dimensions for LA category vehicles, mostly referencing the equivalent UN ECE Regulations. An approval is required to supply to the market any road vehicle to which ADRs apply and an import approval is required to import any road vehicle into Australia. New South WaleseditIn New South Wales, motor assisted pedal cycles with electric engines only does not need to be registered if the maximum engine output is less than 2. Riders of cycles exempt from registration must follow the same rules as for cycles without motors, and vehicles requiring registration mopeds are treated as motorcycles. However, as of October 2. VictoriaeditA bicycle, which is designed to be propelled by human power using pedals, may have an electric or petrol powered motor attached provided the motors maximum power output does not exceed 2. As of 1. 8 September 2. Victorian road rules have changed to enable a pedelec to be used as a bicycle in Victoria. The change will allow more options of power assisted pedal cycles under bicycle laws. A pedelec is defined as meeting EU standard EN1. QueenslandeditIn Queensland, the situation is similar to Victoria. There are two types of legal motorised bicycle. For the first type, the electric motor must not be capable of generating more than 2. For the second type, known as a pedalec, the vehicle must comply with the European Standard for Power Assisted Pedal Cycles EN1. The pedals on a motorised bicycle must be the primary source of power for the vehicle. Wii Download Free. If the motor is the primary source of power then the device cannot be classed as a motorised bicycle. For example, a device where the rider can twist a throttle and complete a journey using motor power only without using the pedals, would not be classed as a motorised bicycle. Motorised bicycles can be ridden on all roads and paths, except where bicycles are specifically excluded. Riders do not need to have a driver licence to ride a motorised bicycle. Eight provinces of Canada allow electric power assisted bicycles. In all eight provinces, e bikes are limited to 5. W output, and cannot travel faster than 3. Upsc Mathematics Books there. In Alberta prior to July 1, 2. W and 3. 5 kmh 2. Age restrictions vary in Canada. All require an approved helmet. Regulations may or may not require an interlock to prevent use of power when the rider is not pedaling. Some versions e. Vehicle licenses and liability insurance are not required. Generally, they are considered vehicles like motorcycles and pedal cycles, so are subject to the same rules of the road as regular bicycles. In some cases, regulatory requirements have been complicated by lobbying in respect of the Segway PT. Bicycles assisted by a gasoline motor or other fuel are regulated differently from e bikes. These are classified as motorcycles, regardless of the power output of the motor and maximum attainable speed. Note that in Canada, the term assist bicycle is the technical term for an e bikecitation needed and power assisted bicycle is used in the Canadian Federal Legislation, but is carefully defined to only apply to electric motor assist, and specifically excludes internal combustion engines though this is not the case in the United States. Federal requirementseditSince 2. Canadas Motor Vehicle Safety Regulations MVSR have defined Power Assisted bicycles PABs as a separate category, and which require no license to operate. PABs are currently defined as a two or three wheeled bicycle equipped with handlebars and operable pedals, an attached electric motor of 5. W or less, and a maximum speed capability of 3. Other requirements include a permanently affixed label from the manufacturer in a conspicuous location stating the vehicle is a power assisted bicycle under the statutory requirements in force at the time of manufacture. All power assisted bicycles must utilize an electric motor for assisted propulsion. A power assisted bicycle may be imported and exported freely within Canada without the same restrictions placed on auto mobiles or a moped. Under federal law, power assisted bicycles may be restricted from operation on some roads, lanes, paths, or thoroughfares by the local municipality. Papua New Guinea facts, information, pictures. LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENTTOPOGRAPHYCLIMATEFLORA AND FAUNAENVIRONMENTPOPULATIONMIGRATIONETHNIC GROUPSLANGUAGESRELIGIONSTRANSPORTATIONHISTORYGOVERNMENTPOLITICAL PARTIESLOCAL GOVERNMENTJUDICIAL SYSTEMARMED FORCESINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONECONOMYINCOMELABORAGRICULTUREANIMAL HUSBANDRYFISHINGFORESTRYMININGENERGY AND POWERINDUSTRYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYDOMESTIC TRADEFOREIGN TRADEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBANKING AND SECURITIESINSURANCEPUBLIC FINANCETAXATIONCUSTOMS AND DUTIESFOREIGN INVESTMENTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTHEALTHHOUSINGEDUCATIONLIBRARIES AND MUSEUMSMEDIAORGANIZATIONSTOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATIONFAMOUS PAPUA NEW GUINEANSDEPENDENCIESBIBLIOGRAPHYIndependent State of Papua New Guinea. CAPITAL Port Moresby. FLAG The flag is a rectangle, divided diagonally. The upper segment is scarlet with a yellow bird of paradise the lower segment is black with five white stars representing the Southern Cross. ANTHEM O, Arise All You Sons. MONETARY UNIT The kina k of 1. Australian dollar. There are coins of 1, 2, 5, 1. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES The metric system is the legal standard. HOLIDAYS New Years Day, 1 January Queens Birthday, 1st Monday in June Remembrance Day, 2. July Independence Day, 1. September Christmas, 2. December Boxing Day, 2. December. Movable religious holidays include Good Friday and Easter Monday. TIME 1. 0 pmnoon GMT. Situated to the north of Australia, Papua New Guinea has a total land area of 4. New Britain, New Ireland, and Bougainville and hundreds of smaller islands. Comparatively, the area occupied by PNG is slightly larger than the state of California. The country extends 2,0. Mainland Papua New Guinea shares the island of New Guinea, the second largest island in the world, with Irian Jaya, a province of Indonesia. To the n is the US Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the e, the Solomon Islands to the w, Irian Jaya and about 1. Australia. Papua New Guinea has a total boundary length of 5,9. Papa New Guineas capital city, Port Moresby, is located on the countrys southern coast. Papua New Guinea is situated between the stable continental mass of Australia and the deep ocean basin of the Pacific. The largest section is the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, which is dominated by a massive central cordillera, or system of mountain ranges, extending from Indonesias Irian Jaya to East Cape in Papua New Guinea at the termination of the Owen Stanley Range, and including the nations highest peak, Mt. Wilhelm 4,5. 09 m1. A second mountain chain fringes the north coast and runs parallel to the central cordillera. In the lowlands are many swamps and floodplains. Important rivers are the Sepik, flowing about 1,1. Fly, which is navigable for 8. The BougainvilleNew Ireland area comprises Bougainville and Buka islands, the Gazelle Peninsula of New Britain, New Ireland, New Hanover, the St. Matthias group, and the Admiralty Islands. The smaller islands of Papua New Guinea are also areas of extreme topographic contrast and generally feature mountain ranges rising directly from the sea or from narrow coastal plains. Volcanic landforms dominate the northern part of New Britain and Bougainville, and some of the smaller islands are extremely volcanic. An eruption in September 1. Rabaul on New Britain Island. The country also experiences periodic high magnitude earthquakes. On 1. 6 November 2. New Ireland region experienced a quake that hit 8. Richter scale. It was recorded as the largest earthquake of the year worldwide, but fatalities were limited to two people. On 1. 1 March 2. 00. September 2. 00. 5, a 7. The climate of Papua New Guinea is chiefly influenced by altitude and by the monsoons. The northwest or wet monsoon prevails from December to March, and the southeast or dry trade winds from May to October. Annual rainfall varies widely with the monsoon pattern, ranging from as little as 1. Port Moresby to an average of 5. Most of the lowland and island areas have daily mean temperatures of about 2. Relative humidity is uniformly high in the lowlands at about 8. The flora of Papua New Guinea is rich and varied, with habitats ranging from tidal swamps at sea level to alpine conditions. In low lying coastal areas, various species of mangroves form the main vegetation, together with the beautiful casuarina, sago, and palm. Most of the country is covered by tropical and savanna rain forest, in which valuable trees such as kwila and cedar are found. Orchids, lilies, ferns, and creepers abound in the rain forests. There are large stands of pine at elevations of 9. At the highest altitudes, mosses, lichens, and other alpine flora prevail. There are over 1. Papua New Guinea supports a great diversity of bird life. About 4. 00 species have been recognized. Papua New Guinea is the major center for a number of bird families, particularly the bird of paradise, bower bird, cassowary, kingfisher, and parrot. There are about 2. Butterflies of Papua New Guinea are world famous for their size and vivid coloring. Papua New Guineas environmental concern includes pollution, global warming, and the loss of the nations forests. Coastal waters are polluted with sewage and residue from oil spills. The nation has 8. Only 8. 8 of the nations city dwellers and 3. Another significant source of pollution is open pit mining. The countrys cities have produced an average of 0. Global warming and the resulting rise in sea level are a threat to Papua New Guineas coastal vegetation and water supply. The Department of Physical Planning and Environment is responsible for integrating environmental planning and conserving natural resources. In 2. 00. 3, only about 2. According to a 2. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN, threatened species included 5. Threatened species in Papua New Guinea included four species of turtle green sea, hawksbill, olive ridley, and leatherback and Queen Alexandras birdwing butterfly. The population of Papua New Guinea in 2. United Nations UN at 5,8. In 2. 00. 5, approximately 2 of the population was over 6. There were 1. 06 males for every 1. According to the UN, the annual population rate of change for 2. The projected population for the year 2. The population density was 1. New Guinea. The UN estimated that 1. The capital city, Port Moresby, had a population of 2. Other large cities and their estimated populations include Lae, 1. Madang, 3. 5,3. 00 Wewak, 2. Goroka, 2. 5,0. 00 and Rabaul, on New Britain, 1. The numbers of emigrants and immigrants have been roughly equal. In the 1. 98. 0s, many came as refugees from Irian Jaya. In 1. 99. 3, some 3,7. Western Province, while another 6,0. Papuan New Guineans and were living near the border. In earlier years, emigration of nonindigenous residents may have been influenced by constitutional provisions that restricted eligibility for naturalization to those with eight years residency, but limited their tax and business rights to the same status as those of aliens. Many rural dwellers migrated to Port Moresby and other urban centers during the 1. The number of migrants in 2. By the end of 2. 00. Indonesians, 1. 98 asylum seekers, and 1. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNHCR. From 1. 99. 92. 00. The government views the migration levels as satisfactory. In 2. 00. 2 residents of Papua New Guinea received 6. Papua New Guinea has more than 1,0. Indigenous Papua New Guineans vary considerably in ethnic origins, physical appearance, and spoken languages.